Linux Application Development

Michael K. Johnson Erik W. Troan

Contents

Preface
Part 1: Getting Started
History of Linux Development
	A Short History of Free Unix Software
	Development of Linux
	Basic Lineage of Unix Systems
	Linux Lineage
Licenses and Copyright
	Copyright
	Licensing
	Free Software Licenses
		Combinations of Free and Commercial Software
		The GNU General Public License
		The GNU Library General Public License
		MIT/X-Style Licenses
		BSD-Style Licenses
		Artistic License
		License Incompatibilities
More Information on Linux
	Overview of Linux Documentation
		The HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs
		The LDP Books
		The Linux Software Map
		The man Pages
	Other Books
	Source Code
	Linux (and Other) Newsgroups
	Mailing Lists
		vger
		Other Lists
	Other Documentation
		GNU
		BSD
	Your Distribution Vendor
Part 2: Development Tools and Environment
Development Tools
	Editors
		Emacs
		vi
	Make
		Complex Command Lines
		Variables
		Suffix Rules
	The GNU Debugger
gcc Options and Extensions
	gcc Options
	Header Files
		long long
		Inline Functions
		Alternative Extended Keywords
		Attributes
Memory Debugging Tools
	Buggy Code
	Electric Fence
		Using Electric Fence
		Memory Alignment
		Other Features
		Limitations
		Resource Consumption
	Checker
		Finding Overruns
		Finding Memory Leaks
	mpr and mcheck()
		Finding Memory Corruption with mcheck
		Finding Memory Leaks with mpr
Creating and Using Libraries
	Static Libraries
	Shared Libraries
	Designing Shared Libraries
		Managing Compatibility
		Incompatible Libraries
		Designing Compatible Libraries
	Building Shared Libraries
	Installing Shared Libraries
		Example
	Using Shared Libraries
		Using Noninstalled Libraries
		Preloading Libraries
Linux Development Environment
	Understanding System Calls
		System Call Limitations
		System Call Return Codes
		Using System Calls
		Common Error Return Codes
	Finding Header and Library Files
Part 3: System Programming
The Process Model
	Defining a Process
		Complicating Things with Threads
		The Linux Approach
	Process Attributes
		The pid and Parentage
		Credentials
		The fsuid
		User and Group ID Summary
	Process Information
		Program Arguments
		Resource Usage
		Establishing Usage Limits
	Process Primitives
		Having Children
		Watching Your Children Die
		Running New Programs
		A Bit of History: vfork()
		Killing Yourself
		Killing Others
		Dumping Core
	Simple Children
		Running and Waiting with system()
		Reading or Writing from a Process
	Sessions and Process Groups
		Sessions
		Controlling Terminal
		Process Groups
	Introduction to ladsh
		Running External Programs with ladsh
	Creating Clones
Simple File Handling
	The File Mode
		File Access Permissions
		File Permission Modifiers
		File Types
		The Process's umask
	Basic File Operations
		File Descriptors
		Closing Files
		Opening Files in the File System
		Reading, Writing, and Moving Around
		Partial Reads and Writes
		Shortening Files
		Other Operations
	Querying and Changing Inode Information
		Finding Inode Information
		A Simple Example of stat()
		Easily Determining Access Rights
		Changing a File's Access Permissions
		Changing a File's Owner and Group
		Changing a File's Timestamps
		Ext2 Extended Attributes
	Manipulating Directory Entries
		Creating Device and Named Pipe Entries
		Creating Hard Links
		Using Symbolic Links
		Removing Files
		Renaming Files
	Manipulating File Descriptors
		Changing the Access Mode for an Open File
		Modifiying the close-on-exec Flag
		Duplicating File Descriptors
	Creating Unnamed Pipes
	Adding Redirection to ladsh
		The Data Structures
		Changing the Code
Directory Operations
	The Current Working Directory
		Finding the Current Working Directory
		The . and .. Special Files
		Changing the Current Directory
	Changing the Root Directory
	Creating and Removing Directories
		Creating New Directories
		Removing Directories
	Reading a Directory's Contents
		Starting Over
	File Name Globbing
		Use a Subprocess
		Internal Globbing
	Adding Directories and Globbing to ladsh
		Adding cd and pwd
		Adding File Name Globbing
Advanced File Handling
	Input and Output Multiplexing
		Nonblocking I/O
		Multiplexing with select()
	Memory Mapping
		Page Alignment
		Establishing Memory Mappings
		Unmapping Regions
		Syncing Memory Regions to Disk
		Locking Memory Regions
	File Locking
		Lock Files
		Record Locking
		Mandatory Locks
	Scatter/Gather Reads and Writes
Signal Processing
	Signal Concepts
		Simple Signals
		POSIX Signals
		Signals and System Calls
	The Linux (and POSIX) Signal API
		Sending Signals
		Using sigset_t
		Catching Signals
		Manipulating a Process's Signal Mask
		Finding the Set of Pending Signals
		Waiting for Signals
	Available Signals
	Writing Signal Handlers
	Reopening Log Files
Job Control
	Job Control Basics
		Restarting Processes
		Stopping Processes
		Handling Job Control Signals
	Job Control in ladsh
Terminals and Pseudo Terminals
	tty Operations
		Controlling Terminals
	termios Overview
	termios Examples
		Passwords
		Serial Communications
	termios Debugging
	termios Reference
		Functions
		Window Sizes
		Flags
		Input Flags
		Output Flags
		Control Flags
		Control Characters
		Local Flags
		Controlling read()
	Pseudo ttys
		Opening Pseudo ttys
		Pseudo tty Example
Networking with Sockets
	Protocol Support
		Nice Networking
		Real Networking
		Making Reality Play Nice
		Addresses
	Utility Functions
	Basic Socket Operations
		Creating a Socket
		Establishing Connections
		Binding an Address to a Socket
		Waiting for Connections
		Connecting to a Server
	Unix Domain Sockets
		Unix Domain Addresses
		Waiting for a Connection
		Connecting to a Server
		Running the Unix Domain Examples
		Unnamed Unix Domain Sockets
		Passing File Descriptors
	Networking Machines with TCP/IP
		Byte Ordering
		IPv4 Addressing
		IP Socket Addresses
		Manipulating IP Addresses
		Using Hostnames
		Host Information Lookup Example
		Looking Up Port Numbers
		Listening for TCP Connections
		TCP Client Applications
	Socket Errors
Time
	Telling Time and Dates
		Representing Time
		Converting, Formatting, and Parsing Times
		The Limits of Time
	Using Timers
		Sleeping
		Interval Timers
Random Numbers
	Pseudo-Random Numbers
	Cryptography and Random Numbers
Programming Virtual Consoles
	Getting Started
	Beeping
	Determining Whether the Terminal Is a VC
	Finding the Current VC
	Managing VC Switching
	Example: The open Command
The Linux Console
	Capability Databases
	Glyphs, Characters, and Maps
	Linux Console Capabilities
		Control Characters
		Escape Sequences
		Testing Sequences
		Complex Escape Sequences
	Direct Screen Writing
Part 4: Development Libraries
String Matching
	Globbing Arbitrary Strings
	Regular Expressions
Terminal Handling with S-Lang
	Input Handling
		Initializing S-Lang Input Handling
		Restoring the Terminal State
		Reading Characters from the Terminal
		Checking for Input with SLang_input_pending()
	Output Handling
		Initializing Screen Management
		Updating the Display
		Moving the Cursor
		Finishing Screen Management
		Skeleton Screen Management
		Switching Character Sets
		Writing to the Screen
		Drawing Lines and Boxes
		Using Color
The Database Library
	Overview
	Basic Operations
		Opening a db File
		Closing a Database
		Obtaining the File Descriptor
		Syncing the Database
	Reading Records
		Reading Records Sequentially
		Reading a Particular Record
	Modifying the Database
		Adding Records
		Removing Records
	Example
Parsing Command-Line Options
	Basic popt Usage
		The Option Table
		Creating a Context
		Parsing the Command Line
		Leftover Arguments
	Error Handling
	Option Aliasing
		Specifying Aliases
		Enabling Aliases
	Parsing Argument Strings
	Handling Extra Arguments
	Sample Application
Dynamic Loading at Run Time
	The dl Interface
		Example
Names and the User Databases
	ID-to-Name Translation
		Example: The id Command
	Modifying the System Databases
		Pluggable Authentication Modules
		Password Database Library
Appendices
Direct Access to I/O Ports
	Almost Portable I/O Port Access
	Direct I/O Port Access
		The Safe Way
		The Dangerous Way
ladsh Source Code
The GNU Licenses
	The GNU General Public License
	The GNU Library General Public License
Glossary
Bibliography
Index

Copyright © 1998 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.